As with much these days, news travels faster
by email than by post.
It was by congratulatory emails from colleagues that
both Bill Cronon and Bob Sack first heard news of their election
to the 2006 class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
(AAAS). Sack said, "On a Monday, I received a FedEx envelope
from the Academy saying that I had been elected, and then almost
at the same minute I was opening emails from colleagues offering
me congratulations." Cronon likewise received congratulatory
email from colleagues over the weekend before his letter arrived
in the mail. (Apparently, the AAAS informs current members as soon
as elections are completed.)
The official announcements
Their letters confirmed that Dr. William J. Cronon,
Frederick Jackson Turner and Vilas Research Professor
of History, Geography, and Environmental Studies, had been elected to
the AAAS Humanities and Arts class of 2006. Dr. Robert D. Sack,
Clarence J. Glacken and John Bascom Professor of Geography and Professor of
Integrated Liberal Studies, had been elected
to the AAAS Social Sciences class of 2006.
William J. Cronon
Robert D. Sack
Upon the announcement, Department of Geography Chair
Karl Zimmerer said: "On behalf of the department I would
like to offer hearty congratulations to them both. It is an extraordinary
achievement and much-deserved recognition, for them and for the
Department."
Election to the Academy represents one of the most
prestigious distinctions available to a geographer. The award is
in recognition of a career of sustained groundbreaking accomplishments
in their fields and election
is an honor bestowed upon members by their
peers. The Academy has over 4,000 Fellows and 600 Foreign Honorary
Members, and publishes the quarterly
journal, Dædalus, a leading intellectual journal.
AAAS and the role of "scholar-patriots"
The Academy was founded during the American Revolution by John
Adams, James Bowdoin, John Hancock, and other leaders who wanted
to provide a forum for a select group of "scholar-patriots"—academic
scholars, members of the learned professions, and government and
business leaders who would work together on behalf of the democratic
interests of the republic.
When asked how his work fit the role of "scholar-patriot,"
Cronon said:
"The core of my work is about the changing relationship of
citizens of the
United States to the American earth. The way people on this continent and in
this country have related to the land—used the land, modified
the land,
built their nation on this land—is at the center of my work. The United
States is a country whose nationalism was created in the 19th century at the
height of the Romantic Movement, and so sought to establish
its legitimacy
not on the Crown or the divine right of kings, but rather on the land in
combination with something we call "the people." American nationalism and
patriotism are profoundly linked to the land. Our attitudes toward nature
are central to the way we imagine ourselves as a people. So I see my work as
centrally involved with how this nation, and how we as Americans, have
conceived of our place on this earth."
Sack remarked that
issues of a free and democratic
society with freedom of the press will always be extraordinarily
important. "The idea of patriotism," he said, "is
also about defending an intellectually-free society which is still
foundational to any academic--and to the nation."
Geography's place in the changing academic landscape
A current project of the Academy is to develop
a set of Humanities Indicators that model the state
of the humanities—history, philosophy, literature, and visual
and performing arts—and to baseline the trends for the Humanities
labor market, graduate study, policy, and public awareness. This
is a long-awaited companion to the biennially published Science
and Engineering Indicators (SEI) by the AAAS.
Like many traditional fields, such as philosophy, Sack finds
that geography is experiencing the same disequilibrium that accompanies
changes in approach and purpose:
"The social sciences themselves have always been
a newer idea, recently going through enormous transformations
in how it conceives of itself and its different avenues of approaches—from
quantitative to something that approaches a humanities view.
I think that the social sciences are going to go through yet
another major transformation in the near future—one of that
would be adopting more of the humanities approaches to its subject
matter—to draw on some of the older
issues of philosophy and moral theory.
As for work, the practical issue is needing to always know
more about the details and trends of human behavior. We just
need to keep track of who we are—whether that's a social science
or not—and this is always work that every society demands.
The intellectually demanding part of geographical inquiry
seems closer to the humanities than ever before.
There's change in all of the sciences, but I think that the
natural sciences have an enormous confidence. The humanities
may have lost a good deal of that confidence, but still the deep
traditions of the humanities are sources of inspiration that
can be tapped."
Cronon similarly finds it almost
impossible to place geography squarely within one discipline or
another. "If you had to position us, I think Bob Sack and I are
both working at the humanities end of geography discipline," said
Cronon, concluding that geography is perhaps the best field for
integrated and dynamic approaches:
"With the rise of new technologies for analyzing spatial phenomenon,
like GIS and remote sensing, I think the need for geography is
if anything
greater than ever before. Geography is a discipline that understands the
deep epistemological challenges of spatial analysis better than any other
discipline. I think times have never been so good for geography. The
opportunities have never been greater. The widely shared perception among
geographers that the discipline is under attack has sometimes led them not
to see opportunities that are in fact all around them."
Other Fellows elected in 2006
Geographers Michael Goodchild and Peter Haggett were also elected
to the Academy this year. And while both Cronon and Sack had interest
in their work, Sack said he had known Peter Haggett for quite some
time.
"At a talk he gave in Science Hall one time," said Sack, laughing, "I
introduced Peter Haggett with a one sentence introduction. It was: 'Peter
Haggett: the gentle revolutionary.' I
don't know what he thought about that, but I do know he is a remarkable
person and a preeminent human geographer." Also, Sack and
Cronon both acknowledged the contributions of the other, both
in geography and to the intellectual life of the University.
Along with Cronon and Sack, in other fields UW-Madison colleagues
James Lauriston Skinner was elected in the 2006 Chemistry division,
as well as Susan Coopersmith for Physics and Stephen R. Carpenter
for
Evolutionary and Population Biology and Ecology.
Work in progress
Although at this point, it's unclear exactly what scholarly demands
the AAAS might make on Bill Cronon and Bob Sack, it is clear that
both have plenty of work already in progress.
Cronon is finishing his book, Saving Nature
in Time: The Past and the Future
of Environmentalism, which should be out in 2007. "This book has relevance
to our current political situation and to the 2008 political campaigns,"said Cronon. "It's
about how American environmentalism and environmental policy would be different
if we thought more dynamically and historically
about nature than we typically do." Cronon also said completion of his book
on Portage, Wisconsin, "a sort of Michener-scale book on the making of the
American landscape—in a very small frame," was several years off but that
he's "never enjoyed a project more."
Sack, who recently announced his upcoming retirement from the
Department of Geography, is nearing completion of the first
draft of a first volume on geographic theory provisionally
called Facing
the Gap: What Geography Says About Self, Society, and Nature.
Sack remarked that "the book is going well. I think of it
as a 3-volume work. The great opportunity of retirement is to have
the time to work on such a large project."